Stoicism: Philosophy and Psychology
Stoicism is a philosophical idea that with origins to the 3rd century BCE and continues its transformation to this day. Few philosophical ideas have withstood the test of time and the minds of thinkers. Thanks to its practicality, constant reinterpretation, journey through time and space, and adoption of practical ideas from other movements, stoicism has maintained its relevance and followers.
Although stoicism cannot be called a separate unique philosophical movement, it is rather a philosophical movement that united the principles of philosophers from different schools, tested by time and appropriate to their era. Early philosophers can be called the first psychologists or guides. The Stoics were the first to systematically create their collected teachings over the centuries.
Having created a system of moral values, the Stoics also provided the foundation for the development of Christianity and simultaneously developed their own teaching. The Roman Emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius became one of the most famous representatives of this movement.
What are the main ideas of stoicism?
The basic principles of Stoic philosophy include:
- Having a systematic and orderly life
- Benefiting society
- Living in harmony with nature and people
- Controlling your emotional state
- Living "here and now"
- Humbly serving the social order, nature, accepting circumstances
- Being modest
Modern psychology follows the example of the Stoics today, also using all known methods tested by time for therapy. And, of course, stoic ideas are present in psychotherapy. Also, psychological state affects the effectiveness of negotiations or public speaking. Therefore, alongside the demand for mastering oratorical skills, there is a demand for psychological issues such as dealing with anxiety, emotional incontinence, lack of sleep and time.
What has modern psychology taken from stoicism?
If you are offended, you allow yourself to be offended. Everything is your will. In moments of anger, do not act – think about the causes, consequences, then think about how to respond more rationally. This will preserve relationships, reputation, and mental health. This same method influenced the development of the science of emotional intelligence and oratorical art in the aspect of conflict resolution, negotiations, and responses to negative questions.
Philosophy gives answers to questions that go beyond psychology, covering life much more broadly. These include questions of ethics, culture, values, thinking, being, one's purpose and role in the world. A philosophical approach to the way of thinking as life gives keys to solving psychological problems and prevents the emergence of others.
This can be compared to other movements that have also spread in modern society – yoga and meditation. Yoga is not just physical exercises, and meditation is not just silence. That is, modern people are looking for tools that more broadly and comprehensively encompass life.
How does stoicism affect modern life?
Today books about Stoicism are very popular, there are speakers, clubs, new visions of this philosophy. In bookstores, you can see among bestsellers books: Massimo Pigliucci's How to Be a Stoic: Ancient Philosophy and Modern Life, Lucius Annaeus Seneca's On the Firmness of the Wise Person, Ryan Holiday and Stephen Hanselman's The Daily Stoic: 366 Meditations on Wisdom, Perseverance, and the Art of Living, William B. Irvine's A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy, and Marcus Aurelius's Meditations.
Stoicism can be viewed as an ancient philosophical movement, as an example of a universal concept. But not as the only correct one. In this philosophy, you can find tools that provide opportunities for development and answers to many questions.
The Stoics propose being a worthy member of society – being useful to it, thinking about all humanity. If you are reading this article, it is obvious that you are already doing this. And the only thing you need is a system of values that corresponds to your soul.
Mykola Ovcharov
